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The mountains of the Aletsch Arena [Swiss Epic]

Great Aletsch Glacier: the ice giant of the Aletsch Arena

By Epic Series, 05/31/18, 4:15PM HST

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We can also trace how the Great Aletsch Glacier has grown and receded in the landscape of the Aletsch Forest.

The Aletsch Arena mountain

The Great Aletsch Glacier has shaped the landscape of the Aletsch Arena over thousands of years. During the last ice age (around 18,000 years ago), ice still covered the mountain ridges between the Bettmerhorn and the Riederhorn; only the peaks rose above the ice. How do we know? The landscape tells us: the area that was then covered by ice is smooth and rounded, but the shapes of the Bettmerhorn and Eggishorn are sharp and jagged. We can also trace how the Great Aletsch Glacier has grown and receded in the landscape of the Aletsch Forest. Around 11,000 years ago, the terminus of the glacier was in the Rhône Valley and the glacier’s edge reached almost as far as Riederfurka. The immense lateral moraine that was formed in the process is clearly visible from the moraine trail. The maximum extension of the Great Aletsch Glacier to date was around 1860. At that time, it was around 3 km longer than it is today and the edge of the glacier was a good 200 m higher, near the Aletsch Forest. This area still stands out against the surrounding countryside as a light strip of land with fairly young vegetation.

 

Did you know:

When two glaciers merge, the lateral moraines join and form a medial moraine. As three large firn fields meet at Concordia, the Great Aletsch Glacier has in fact two medial moraines. These appear as dark lines running along the length of the glacier. Looking in the direction of flow, the glacier’s right-hand medial moraine is the Kranzberg medial moraine and the left-hand medial moraine is the Trugberg medial moraine.

The effects of climate change

Global warming is also affecting the Aletsch Arena’s “ice sea” to a concerning extent. Measurements by the Pro Natura Center Aletsch show that the Great Aletsch Glacier is experiencing dramatic ablation, shrinking by up to 50 metres in length each year and retreating significantly at the edges.

The Great Aletsch Glacier: facts and figures

  • Length: 23 km – making the Great Aletsch Glacier the longest in the Alps.
  • Surface area: 86 km2; Concordia – where the Grosser Aletschfirn, Jungfraufirn, Ewigschneefeldfirn and Grüneggfirn firn fields merge – is large enough to hold a town such as Chur, Bellinzona or Frauenfeld.
  • Weight: 27 billion tonnes, or the weight of 72.5 million jumbo jets.
  • Maximum ice thickness: More than 900 m at Concordia.
  • Velocity: The ice formed in the catchment area of the glacier moves downhill like a viscous mass, providing a constant supply of ice to the snout. The distance covered by the ice over time in the process is the glacier’s velocity. The velocity of the Great Aletsch Glacier is 200 m per year at Concordia, and 80 – 90 m per year at the level of the Aletsch Forest.
  • A huge store of water: If this mass of ice were melted, it could supply every single person on the Earth with a litre of water every day for 4.5 years.

www.aletscharena.ch/nature-en/the-great-aletsch-glacier/